4. THE NATURAL CALCULATOR - details

In this book the emphasis is on mental calculation, mainly mental multiplication, but addition, subtraction and division are also covered. Each chapter focuses on one Vedic formula and shows various ways in which it can be used. There is a detailed introduction outlining the benefits of mental mathematics. 102 pages, size 16cm by 24cm, paperback. 2003 (first published1991); Author: K. Williams; ISBN 81-208-1962-4. Price 6.25 pounds.

"The Natural Calculator" - Contents

INTRODUCTION 
1 ON THE FLAG calculating from left to right 
2 PROPORTIONATELY multiplication devices involving doubling and halving 
3 BY ONE MORE THAN THE ONE BEFORE squaring numbers that end in 5; a special type of multiplication 
4 THE FIRST BY THE FIRST AND THE LAST BY THE LAST calculating checks; a special type of multiplication 
5 ALL FROM 9 AND THE LAST FROM 10 numbers near a base; subtraction; numbers near different bases; multiplying three numbers simultaneously; squaring numbers near a base; multiplication by 9's; addition and subtraction 
6 VERTICALLY AND CROSSWISE general multiplication: multiplying 2-figure numbers, 3-figure numbers, moving multiplier method, 3 and 4-figure multiplication; general squaring; division- divisor near a base; general division 
7 USING THE AVERAGE products using an average 
8 BY ADDITION AND BY SUBTRACTION squares from squares; products from products 
9 BY MERE OBSERVATION use of special numbers 
PROOFS 
REFERENCES 
ANSWERS

"The Natural Calculator" - Back Cover

Vedic Mathematics was rediscovered from ancient Sanskrit texts earlier this century by Bharati Krsna Tirthaji (1884-1960). He found that all problems in pure and applied mathematics can be solved easily with the aid of sixteen simple Sutras, or word-formulae: for example All From 9 and the Last From 10 or Vertically and Crosswise. This may sound incredible but the Vedic system offers a very different approach to mathematics that is both powerful and fun.
The Vedic system is so easy it is really a system of mental mathematics. It has a coherence and beauty that make it very attractive and some of the methods are truly amazing in their efficiency and simplicity. Many schools now teach Vedic Mathematics and a common response from children is: "Why were we not shown this before?".
The Natural Calculator introduces this system; dealing with mental mathematics it covers various types of multiplication, addition, subtraction and division.